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Naira Free Fall: CBN Clamps Down On Banks, Pegs Trade, Assets In Forex
Eko Hot Blog reports that, in the latest effort to address the free fall of the Naira against the dollar, the Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN, has ordered banks to limit the Net Open Position, NOP, of their foreign currency assets and liabilities to 20 per cent of shareholders’ funds.
NOP defines a bank’s risk exposure to its foreign exchange-denominated assets.
The order was contained in a January 31, 2014, CBN Circular referenced: TED/FEM/PUB/ FPC/001/ 001, issued yesterday.
CBN Governor, Michael Cardoso
The directive is expected to shore up the fortunes of Naira in the foreign exchange market while curtailing excessive trading and possible abuses by dealers.
But the Naira traded sideways yesterday, depreciating in the parallel market while appreciating in the official market. The development resumes the growing spread between the two markets which has drastically bridged two days ago.
The circular which was signed by the Director of Trade and Exchange, Dr. Hassan Mahmud, as well as, Mrs. Rita Sike, for Director of Banking Supervision, was titled, “Harmonization of Reporting Requirements on Foreign Currency Exposures of Banks”.
According to the new CBN prudential requirements, “Banks whose current NOP exceeds 20 per cent short and 0 per cent long of their shareholders’ funds unimpaired by losses are required to bring them to prudential limit by today, February 1, 2024.
“Banks are also required to have adequate stock of high-quality liquid foreign assets, i.e. cash and government securities in each significant currency to cover their maturing foreign currency obligations. In addition, banks should have in place a foreign exchange contingency funding arrangement with other financial institutions.”
Other requirements include: “Banks should borrow and lend in the same currency (natural hedging) to avoid currency mismatch associated with foreign currency risk.
“The basis of the interest rate for borrowing should be the same as that of lending i.e. there should be no mismatch in floating and fixed interest rates, to mitigate basis risk associated with foreign borrowing interest rate risk.
“With respect to Eurobonds, any clause of early redemption should be at the instance of the issuer and approval obtained from the CBN in this regard, even if the bond does not qualify as tier-2 capital.
“All banks are required to adopt adequate treasury and risk management systems to provide oversight of all foreign exchange exposures and ensure accurate reporting on a timely basis.
“Banks are expected to bring all their exposures within the set limits immediately and ensure that all returns submitted to the CBN provide accurate reflection of their balance sheets.
“Please, note that non-compliance with the NOP limit will result in immediate sanction and/or the suspension from participation in the foreign exchange market.”
The CBN said that the new requirements have become necessary due to the growing foreign currency exposures of banks through their NOP.
President Bola Tinubu
It said that the development had created an incentive for banks to hold excess long foreign currency positions, which exposes banks to foreign exchange and other risks.
The apex banks also issued a new guideline for rendering monthly returns on Net Foreign Assets.
It includes: Holding of foreign currency; in their various denominations; balances held with foreign banks, placement with foreign banks; balances held with branches and offices abroad; treasury securities of foreign governments; and other financial instruments in foreign currency, as well as, other foreign assets not captured above.
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