PCOS: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Importance of Early Detection

• PCOS affects women’s hormones, causing irregular cycles and other symptoms.
• Diagnosis includes symptom evaluation, blood tests, and ultrasounds.
• Early treatment prevents complications like infertility and diabetes.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age, typically between 15 and 44 years.

It disrupts ovarian function, hormone balance, and other bodily systems, leading to symptoms that can impact overall health and well-being.

Diagnostic Steps for PCOS

1. Medical History and Physical Examination

A healthcare provider evaluates symptoms and medical history.

A physical exam, including a pelvic examination, is conducted to check for signs of PCOS.

2. Blood Tests

Measure androgen (male hormone) levels.

Assess blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels.

Evaluate thyroid function to rule out thyroid-related conditions.

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3. Ultrasound

Assess the size of the ovaries and detect the presence of cysts.

Check the thickness of the uterine lining.

Diagnostic Criteria

PCOS is typically diagnosed if at least two of the following criteria are met:

1. Irregular or infrequent menstrual cycles.
2. Elevated levels of male hormones (testosterone).
3. Polycystic ovaries observed on an ultrasound.

Common Symptoms

Acne.

Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism).

Scalp hair thinning or hair loss.

Skin tags.

Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight.

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The Importance of Early Diagnosis

Early diagnosis is essential to manage PCOS symptoms effectively and reduce the risk of long-term complications such as infertility, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular issues, and mental health disorders.

Timely medical intervention and lifestyle modifications can help women with PCOS lead healthier lives and manage the condition more effectively.

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